Effect of feed with Pittosporum undulatum in vivo on bovine progesterone levels and embryos produced in vitro
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Feeding ruminants with Pittosporum undulatum can adversely affect the immune, endocrine, and reproductive systems. The aim of the present study was to evaluate how feeding with P. undulatum alters progesterone levels during the oestrus cycle, and fertilization and development of oocytes after in vitro fertilization (IVF). Heifers were fed a diet containing (n = 4) or not containing (n = 4) this plant. Peripheral blood samples were collected every 3 d and progesterone levels were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The heifers’ ovaries were recovered after slaughter, and the oocytes were removed, maturated, in vitro fertilized, and cultured for 7 d, during which time their development was evaluated every 2 d. Results indicated that plasma concentrations of progesterone during the oestrus cycle were significantly higher (P < 0.01) in the luteal and follicular phases of the animals fed without Pittosporum when compared with those fed with Pittosporum. Statistical differences (P < 0.05) in maturation, cleavage rate, and embryonic development were observed between oocytes belonging to the experimental and control group. Rates of maturation, fertilization, and embryo development in the experimental group were, respectively, 78.3 ± 5.8, 29.92 ± 4.31, and 7.30 ± 3.1 compared with 90.5 ± 3.0, 41.86 ± 5.58, and 21.88 ± 6.85 in the control group. These differences can be explained because compounds from this plant can directly or indirectly inactivate cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), which may diminish follicular development through the inhibition of prostaglandins synthesis and oocyte maturation and, consequently, reduce the ability of oocytes to be fertilized and developed.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".