Considerations regarding an acoustic criterion for wind turbine acceptability
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A common criterion for approval of wind turbine installation in Canada is that sound pressure level does not exceed 40 dBA outside the home of a rural receptor when the wind speed at 10 metres elevation does not exceed 4 metres per second. This paper looks at other considerations that might be considered based on the experience following installation of wind turbines using the common criterion. Thousands of complaints filed with regulators from residents living in homes approved under the current acceptability criterion provide clues. Residents note the intrusiveness of an imposed sound much higher in amplitude and different in quality than the natural background. Residents report disrupted sleep, and adverse health consequences that follow. The subject of amplitude modulation of wind turbine noise emissions (otherwise described as a cyclical noise rising and falling in magnitude) has been a principal focus of wind turbine noise international conferences in Glasgow (2015) and Denver (2013). Monitoring of the sound inside homes displays a different character than outside, showing pulses with peak to trough amplitudes exceeding 5 dB at frequencies that are within the audible range. The fundamental premise of Environmental Protection Acts are that emissions of a contaminant such as noise do not cause an adverse effect including loss of enjoyment of normal use of property, or annoyance that lead to human health impacts. Experience has shown the current criterion is not allowing this fundamental premise to be achieved.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".