Polyrhodanine Coated Cellulose Nanocrystals: A Sustainable Antimicrobial Agent
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper reports on a simple and green approach to fabricate cellulose nanocrystal@polyrhodanine (CNC@PR) core–sheath nanoparticles. Polymerization of rhodanine on the surface of negatively charged CNC was achieved using ferric chloride as the initiator and oxidant. The coating conditions were optimized by varying the ratio of CNC and monomer as well as the concentration of oxidant. Antimicrobial tests were performed using Escherichia coli (Gram negative) and Bacillus subtilis (Gram positive) as model bacteria and the minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined by plate colony counting methods. Rod-like CNC@PR nanoparticles exhibited promising antimicrobial properties, comparable to spherical nanocomposite particles. This may be attributed to the lower percolation threshold for rod-like nanoparticles resulting from the higher aspect ratio. By taking advantage of the nanosize effects, the core–sheath material can be a potential candidate for antimicrobial applications, such as food-packaging, antimicrobial additives and antimicrobial surfaces or coatings.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".