STUDIES ON THE GENUS APHODIUS OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA (COLEOPTERA: SCARABAEIDAE). IX. A NEW SPECIES FROM KANSAS AND TEXAS
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Aphodius kiowensis, n. sp., from Kansas and the Texas panhandle, is described and illustrated. Its biology and habitat are discussed, as are the species of rodents having Aphodius associates in collecting areas in southern Kansas. The pertinent Kansas habitats and possible biological scenarios are discussed. Recent collections in rodent burrow communities in Kansas resulted in the dis covery of an undescribed species of Aphodius previously known from a single Texas specimen. This species is described to make the name available for research con ducted prior to a revisionary study on North American Aphodius. The biology of A. kiowensis, n. sp., is unknown. It may be a detritivore or a rodent burrow associate because all specimens examined, with the exception of the Texas paratype, were collected in flight over areas populated by rodents or actually in rodent burrows. The primary method employed was to wait for a calm, sunny day with temperatures above 50?F and begin collecting approximately one to two hours before sunset. At that time, while facing the sun, the beetles were easily seen flying just above the grass and collected with a sweep net. The greatest variety of species and largest number of beetles were collected during the months of October, Novem ber, and December. Beetles were collected at most times of the day but late afternoon proved to be the most productive period. Some collecting was also done at openings of prairie dog burrows where one paratype of A. kiowensis was found, and in kan garoo rat burrows where two specimens were collected. The terrain in all of the Kansas counties where A. kiowensis was collected consists of rolling sand hills in either the Arkansas River lowlands or high plains physio graphic regions. These regions have a fine, sandy loam soil type and are utilized as livestock pasture, most of which is overgrazed. Prominent native grasses are buffa lograss, Buchloe dactyloides (Nutt.), and blue grama, Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. Field sandbur, Cenchrus pauciflorus Benth., is one of the dominant grasses in one Kiowa County pasture. Principle rodents are the blacktailed prairie dog, (Cy nomys ludovicianus ludovicianus (Ord)); plains pocket gopher, Geomys bursarius (Shaw); and Ord's kangaroo rat, Dipodomys ordii richardsoni (J. A. Allen). At the collection site in Seward County, and at one site in Kiowa County, both pocket
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".