P050 Proportion of lung cancer attributable to workplace environmental tobacco smoke in canada
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Objectives Workplace environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) was historically a prevalent lung carcinogen in Canada, and remains a hazard in certain occupations. This study estimates the attributable fraction (AF) of lung cancers due to workplace ETS, and is part of a larger effort to estimate the current burden of occupational cancers in Canada. Methods The AF calculation requires estimates of the proportion of workers ever exposed (PrE) during the risk exposure period (REP, 1961 – 2000) and the relative risk (RR). To estimate the PrE, the proportion of never-smokers who were exposed to workplace ETS was calculated from Canadian data sources, then combined with historical Canadian employment statistics, labour force data and survival probabilities. Exposure duration was estimated using data from a national case-control study, and used to assign RRs based upon a dose-response relationship reported in the literature. We accounted for never-smoking lung cancer cases, using rates observed among never-smokers in a large US study (CPS-II). Results The proportion of never-smokers in men showed an increasing trend during the REP while in women the proportion decreased slightly. A drop in the proportion of workers exposed to workplace ETS was found in the 80’s and 90’s. Approximately 7.2 million workers were ever exposed to workplace ETS during the REP, of which half were female. Estimated AFs for ETS-related lung cancers were: 0.6% for males, and 0.5% for females, which equates to 74 lung cancer cases in men and 57 in women. This translates to AFs of 11.8% and 5.8% among never-smoking men and women, respectively. Conclusions Lung cancer attributable to workplace ETS was low in the Canadian population because a large proportion of lung cancer cases occurred among current or former smokers. When only considering the burden among never-smokers, we found a relatively large proportion of cases attributable to workplace ETS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".