Double Salt Ionic Liquids Containing the Trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium Cation: The Ability to Tune the Solubility of Aromatics, Ethers, and Lipophilic Compounds
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The chemical and physical properties of an ionic liquid (IL) can be tuned with the addition of a second IL, forming a Double Salt Ionic Liquid (DSIL). Here, the solubilities of lipophilic solutes with long alkyl chains ( e.g. , heptane, methyl palmitate) were tuned in the DSIL [C 4 mim] x [P 66614 ] (1-x) [NTf 2 ] ([C 4 mim] + = 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium, [P 66614 ] + = trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium, [NTf 2 ] - = bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide) by increasing the [P 66614 ] + concentration. Additionally, density and viscosity of the DSILs were also modified with the [P 66614 ] + concentration. The solubility of solvents totally miscible with [P 66614 ][NTf 2 ], such as benzene and toluene, could only be tuned in the DSILs when [P 66614 ] + /[NTf 2 ] - ≤ 0.33, since at higher ratios these solutes were totally miscible with the DSILs. The interactions between the ions account for the different solvent behaviors in the DSILs. Using 1 H NMR, 19 F NMR, and FT-IR spectroscopy, a preferential interaction was observed between the [NTf 2 ] - anion with [C 4 mim] + compared to that with [P 66614 ] + . Also, interactions between [C 4 mim] + and [P 66614 ] + through alkyl chain aggregations were demonstrated.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it