Association Between Preeclampsia and Congenital Heart Defects
Bibliographic record
Abstract
( JAMA. 2015;314(15):1588–1598) Congenital heart defects are the most common anomaly in infants and are a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality. The origins of congenital heart defects, therefore, need to be better studied in order to improve prevention and earlier detection. Recent studies have tried to identify biomarkers for congenital heart defects as well as preeclampsia. Biomarker findings associated with heart defects include imbalances in proangiogenic signaling proteins, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and placental growth factor, and antiangiogenic proteins, such as soluble endoglin and fms-like tyrosine kinase 1. Imbalances in these same biomarkers have been found with preeclampsia, where there is an excess of soluble endoglin and fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 relative to placental growth factor and vascular endothelial growth factor. Angiogenic mechanisms may be part of a shared pathologic pathway for preeclampsia and congenital heart defects. Studies have shown that the pathologic changes associated with preeclampsia begin early in pregnancy, around the time that fetal heart development is occurring. This current study tried to determine the relationship between preeclampsia and the prevalence of congenital heart defects in infants whose mothers had the disorder.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".