Reduction Mechanism of Tellurium Species from Copper Electrowinning Solutions
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT The presence of tellurium in copper–nickel sulfide ores results in downstream contamination of leach solutions and electrolytes. Tellurium must be removed from leach solutions before electrowinning to prevent contamination of copper cathodes. Cuprous ion is industrially used as a reductant to remove tellurium ions. However, the reduction kinetics of tellurium ions with cuprous is not well known. In this study, the slow Te VI reduction step with cuprous was identified and a plausible Te VI reduction mechanism was suggested. The rate‐determining step was investigated by studying the kinetics of the coupled reaction of Te VI and Te IV with cuprous. The rate law suggested for the reduction of Te IV with cuprous and the coupled kinetics equation for consecutive reduction reactions of Te IV and Te VI were derived. It was shown that the rate constant of the coupled reaction is very close to the rate constant calculated based on the assumption that Te VI reduction is a rate‐determining step.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".