Leveraging Sustainability Certification in Canada?s Urban Hotel Markets
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The greening of the hotel industry has been identified as important to the industry for a multitude of reasons. Most importantly, being identified as a green property may lead to enhanced profits. Milton Friedman’s 1962 property rights argument, the theoretical framework used in this study, stated the sole purpose of an organization such as a hotel is profit. Conveying a property’s green qualities is difficult though. Certification has been identified as one important method for conveying a property’s green attributes. Yet, the role green certification can play in a hotel’s profit is not known. This study seeks to identify the profits gained from earning a specific green certification: Green Key Global. This certification program is North America’s most popular with more than 3,000 participating hotels. The data used to make inferences regarding profitability stemming from Green Key certification has been gleamed from recent STR and HVS data. The data focuses on the largest hotel markets in Canada: Toronto, Montreal, and Vancouver. The upper upscale and luxury properties in this city are compared using STR metrics (e.g. occupancy, supply, demand, Rev PAR, and ADR).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".