Fischer–Tropsch Mechanism: <sup>13</sup>C<sup>18</sup>O Tracer Studies on a Ceria–Silica Supported Cobalt Catalyst and a Doubly Promoted Iron Catalyst
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Tracer studies were performed on cobalt and iron Fischer–Tropsch catalysts using a synthesis gas containing a 20:80 mixture of 13 C 18 O and 12 C 16 O. The objective of the work was to investigate the antecedents of the C–O bonds in alcohols and CO 2 formed during Fischer–Tropsch (FT) synthesis. It was found that chain growth proceeded by a CO insertion mechanism over both cobalt and iron catalysts. Over the cobalt catalyst, the dominant pathway for methanol synthesis involved a partial hydrogenation of CO as well as CO 2 by a reaction pathway separate from the Fischer–Tropsch pathway. Over the iron catalyst, the majority of the methanol was formed by partial hydrogenation of only CO through the FT reaction pathway. Iron is active for water gas shift conversion, which produced CO 2 . Oxygen exchange reactions of CO 2 were likely over both catalysts and complicated the interpretation of the results.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".