Oral administration of a novel glycoprotein derived from the fruit bodies of the basidiomycete Tricholoma matsutake enhances the gut-associated immune responses of mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Issues of the study: Some kinds of mushrooms have been traditionally used as functional foods for the prevention or treatment ofmalignant diseases. Although the immunological mechanisms by injection of active components derived from edible mushrooms have been thoroughly examined, few studies are available on the mechanisms by oral administration. Therefore, we investigated the effects of oral administration of edible mushroom extracts on immune responses in gut-associated lymphoid tissue of mice in order to identify the active structure and the mechanisms. Methods: B7/P815 tumor cells were transplanted into the subserosal space of the cecum in DBA/2 mice. High molecular weight fractions derived from hot water extracts of fruit bodies of edible mushrooms were orally administered daily 10 times, and the activity of mesenteric lymph node (MLN) cells was measured by the use of in vitro mixed tumor cells lymphocyte reaction (MLR) and MLR-cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Results: 1) Among 12 samples examined, only the extract from Tricholoma matsutake significantly enhanced the responses. 2) When the extract from T. matsutake was fractionated, the activity was recovered in the em2 fraction which was prepared by treating the DEAE column-adsorbed fraction of the extract with B-1,3 glucanase. The effects of em2 were dependent on the timing of administration and the dose administered. 3) The physicochemical analysis revealed that em2 is a glycoprotein. Conclusion: These findings suggest that a glycoprotein derived from fruit bodies of T. matsutake enhances the activity of MLN cells by oral administration.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".