Analysis of conjugated processes of film evaporation and condensation in a tubular heat exchanger
Bibliographic record
Abstract
ABSTRACT This paper investigates coupled phase changes by forced convection from co‐current flows of liquid films and vapour‐air mixtures in a tubular heat exchanger. Evaporation occurs in the inner tube and condensation in the annulus region. Heat and mass transfers in the liquid films and the vapour‐gas mixtures are described by the conservation equations of momentum, energy, and diffusion. An appropriate change of coordinates is introduced in order to obtain a computational mesh with straight liquid‐mixture interfaces along the walls. The governing equations are discretized by an implicit finite differences method and solved using an efficient numerical methodology. The distributions of axial velocity, temperature, and vapour concentration in all regions of the tubes are determined from iterative procedures with a high convergence rate. The current analysis also provides the axial evolutions of film thicknesses, heat flux, condensation, and evaporation rates in the whole domain. In addition, the effects of the inlet parameters of Reynolds number, relative humidity, pressure, and liquid flow rate on the heat transfer characteristics, and the evaporation and condensation rates are also investigated.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".