Ediacaran pre-placozoan diploblasts in the Avalonian biota: the role of chemosynthesis in the evolution of early animal life
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The large, enigmatic members of the Ediacaran biota have received much attention regarding their possible affinities and mode of life. Fossil evidence reveals that many Ediacaran animals, such as the rangeomorphs, were characterized by extensive surface areas, lived in close association with the seafloor and were non-motile. We argue for the presence of a simple, diploblastic body plan in these early animals and discuss the means by which they probably derived nutrients from chemosynthetic bacteria thriving at the sediment–water interface. We consider that the large surface area of some Ediacaran organisms in the Avalonian biota may have been an adaptation for maximizing a phagocytotic or chemosymbiotic surface. Ediacaran animals probably increased the availability of oxygen along their ventral surface either by diffusion or ciliary pumping. This increased supply of oxygen to the sediment is inferred to have simultaneously increased the productivity of their food source (chemosynthetic bacteria) and restricted the build-up of toxic sulphides in the pore waters below their bodies. This is an example of a very simple form of ecosystem engineering.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".