THE LARVA AND PUPA OF CYTILUS ALTERNATUS SAY, WITH A KEY TO THE KNOWN GENERA OF NEARCTIC BYRRHID LARVAE (COLEOPTERA: BYRRHIDAE)
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
The larva and pupa of Cytilus alternatus Say are described and illustrated. Some ecological information is also reported. A key to the known genera of Nearctic byrrhid larvae is provided. Byrrhid larvae are poorly known in North America, and only four genera have been briefly described or illustrated: Amphicyrta, Byrrhus, Cytilus (however, the figures are based on material from Denmark), and Lioon (Kincaid 1900; Boving and Craighead 193 1; Chu 1949; Peterson 1960). All byrrhid larvae have mandibles with no mola or prostheca but with a large setose lobe at the base of the cutting edge. They also bear a large maxillary articulating area, a finger-like galea, a well-developed lacinia, a free labrum, a labium with distinct prementum, mentum and submentum as well as a gular plate. They lack an operculum or urogomphi. Cytilus larvae are recognized immediately by their unique hairy habitus, their C-shaped body, and by the slightly bifid apex of the mandible. Cytilus is a small genus with only two known species in North America (Arnett 1971): C. alternatus Say, a common boreal transcontinental species which occurs also in Europe, and C. nigrans Casey from Newfoundland. In this paper a key is provided for the identification of the four known genera of byrrhid larvae, and the larva and pupa of C. alternatus, which were reared to adult stage from field-collected larvae, are described and illustrated.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it