The Effect of Entrepreneurial Competencies on Innovation: A Case Study of Professional Sport Clubs
Bibliographic record
Abstract
<p class="1main-text">The aim of the present research is to evaluate the effect of entrepreneurial competencies on innovation in professional sport clubs. In a regression analysis, this paper uses a descriptive correlational field method. The statistical sample population of this research includes the staff and employees from five selected sport clubs, namely: <em>Esteghlal</em>, <em>Perspolis</em>, <em>Naaft-e-Tehran</em>, <em>Sepahan</em> and <em>ZobAhan of Isfahan</em>. For data collection, a standard questionnaire with 65 items was used to evaluate eight competencies: strategic, conceptual, opportunity, relationship, learning, personal, ethical, familyism; and three dimensions of innovation in goods/services, the process and execution. The validity through the convergent validity (AVE=0.56 and 0.84 respectively) and the reliability (0.95 and α=0.93; 0.91 and CR=0.95 respectively) were confirmed and were randomly distributed among the statistical sample population. The Smart PLS 2 software and the structural equations modeling (SEM) techniques were used. The obtained results of this research indicate that the there is a positive and significant relationship between the entrepreneurial competencies and innovation (t=13/14 and T-value &gt;1/96). Moreover, there is a positive and significant relationship between all the variables of competencies (i.e. strategic, conceptual, opportunity, relationship, learning, personal, ethical, and familyism) and innovation. The 77% innovative change as fostered by entrepreneurial competencies is indicative of a strong impact of the entrepreneurial competencies on innovation &amp; performance of enterprises. Contribution of this paper is measuring these competencies on innovation of professional sport clubs.</p>
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".