Bibliographic record
Abstract
The Education Act of 1944 (aka the Butler Act) finally provided a nationwide system of free, compulsory schooling from age five to 15, with a change of school at 11. Whilst overall a laudably progressive programme, underpinned by the principle that ‘the nature of a child’s education should be based on his capacity and promise and not by the circumstances of his parent’ (Board of Education 1943: 7), it nonetheless received considerable criticism for its continued divisiveness, firstly for sending the ‘top’ 20 per cent of children to grammar school with the ‘Eleven Plus’-failing majority consigned to local technical colleges or secondary moderns, 1 but mainly for refusing to dismantle private education. Instead, the concurrent 1944 Fleming Report recommended a degree of integration by awarding up to a quarter of public school places to suitably ‘qualified’ state school children: thus began ‘assisted places’, an arguably disingenuous scheme to placate left-wing objections that public school elitism was at variance with the social cohesion created by the war and that its outdated ethos had contributed to the war’s disastrous early course (Barber 1994: 49–56). The scheme would never thrive, local authorities prioritising expenditure elsewhere, but it attracted the early attention of British stage and screen. These keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.030 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".