LE TRUST : DE LA PROTECTION PATRIMONIALE AU MOYEN ÂGE À LA PROTECTION INTERNATIONALE DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT AU XXIe SIÈCLE
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Cet article examine l’évolution de l’institution du trust dès son apparition au Moyen Âge, indissociable du processus de formation du droit anglais, jusqu’à son utilisation dans le domaine du droit international, plus particulièrement en droit international de l’environnement, à travers la notion de trust funds environnementaux, utilisés pour financer l’adhésion des pays en voie de développement et en transition à des paramètres plus élevés de protection environnementale. Dans ce contexte, l’exemple le plus remarquable, le Fonds pour l’environnement mondial, correspond à une modalité spéciale du trust, où les bénéficiaires ultimes sont l’ensemble de la communauté internationale et les générations futures.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.009 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.006 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".