Bibliographic record
Abstract
THE THIRD QUARTER WAS NOT AS kind to chemical, pharmaceutical, and biopharmaceutical stocks as it might have been. Chemical stocks were increasing nicely through the first two-thirds of the quarter but got hit in September by rising oil prices and investor worries about future earnings growth. Stocks of major pharmaceutical companies, beset by increased generic competition, declined. And biopharmaceuticals showed a modest gain, after surging in the first half of the year. Chemical stock prices showed rather modest growth by the end of the third quarter. C&EN's index of 25 major chemical company stocks ended the quarter at 141 (1992 = 100), up just 4.0% over the second-quarter close. Compared with the end of 2002, the index increased a mere 1.4%. In contrast, the Dow Jones industrial average grew a slower 3.2% quarterto- quarter but was up a much greater 11.2% for the nine-month period. Chemical company stocks had a good run going in the ...
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.050 | 0.027 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".