An Exploratory Research of the Usage Level of E-Commerce among SMEs in the West Coast of Sabah, Malaysia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Previous studies have indicated that e-commerce development offers a promising way for business to meet the challenges of the ever-changing environment. It provides effective and efficient ways, such as buyers can gather information rapidly about the availability of the products or services, evaluate, or negotiate with vendors. However, previous studies on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia have shown that the application of e-commerce is still at its infancy. Thus, this study investigates the usage level of e-commerce application for the SMEs in West Coast of Sabah, Malaysia. This achieved by circulating a set of questionnaire to examine the awareness and adoption of e-commerce application by the SMEs, and recognize the impeding factors to adopt e-commerce and the perception of e-commerce benefits towards incorporating ecommerce in their business. The study found that the awareness and adoption level among the SMEs are still in its infancy, although the potential benefits were perceived to be important.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.011 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".