Friction of Sea Ice On Steel For Condition of Varying Speeds
Bibliographic record
Abstract
A testing system has been devised to simulate the frictional behaviour between ice and a structure as the ice slows down and stops, and subsequently increases in speed again. This simulates the interaction behaviour often observed in nature between ice floes and a sloping structure. A test series was carried out to measure friction between sea ice and smooth painted steel and heavily corroded steel under the condition of continuously varying velocities ranging from 0 to 0.3 m/s. The results of the tests on smooth painted steel showed that the kinetic coefficient of friction increased progressively from 0.04 at 0.1 m/s to 0.08 when the ice stopped. The static friction to start moving the ice again was about 0.25. For corroded steel the kinetic coefficient of friction increased progressively from 0.14 at 0.1 m/s to 0.20 when the ice stopped. The static friction to start moving the ice again was about 0.45. These values of friction coefficient can be used in simple ice load calculation algorithms or more complex numerical simulations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".