A modified hot thermocouple apparatus for the study of molten oxide solidification and crystallization
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract The hot thermocouple technique (HTT) is an experimental method primarily used for studying high temperature phase transformations and interactions. The thermocouple driver is the main component of the apparatus, allowing heating and temperature measurement of the thermocouple that acts as a heating element and temperature sensor simultaneously. Previous setups have employed an ac (alternating current) power feed to the thermocouple, creating inherent limitations to the time interval and frequency of temperature sensing and control. In this article, the development of a dc (direct current)-based thermocouple driver is discussed. The new setup allows higher frequency (480 Hz) of heating pulses applied to the thermocouple. The higher switching frequency improves the thermocouple temperature reading accuracy and decreases the time interval between the measurements by a factor of eight, compared to existing HTT devices. The development of a dc power HTT apparatus, its calibration, and examples of its use in the studies of the crystallization of oxide mixtures are presented in this article.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".