Sub-Cellular Damage of Hepatocytes Caused by Different Doses of Diclofenac Sodium in Rabbit
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Diclofenac sodium is a potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory drug that is extensively prescribed in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, postoperative pain, and chronic pain associated with cancer. The present study was designed to elucidate the qualitative and quantitative changes in rough endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes after recommended single, double and triple therapeutic dose of Diclofenac sodium in rabbits. The aim of study is to minimize the indiscriminate use of this drug in community and among physicians. Experimental study was carried at Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS) and Sindh Institute of Urology and Transplantation (SIUT) from March 2009 to June 2010. Eighty eight healthy animals of three months age and 900~1000 gm body weight were isolated from the animal house of DUHS. These animals were divided into four groups categorized into Group A, Group B, Group C, Group D, each containing twenty two animals. Diclofenac sodium were administered intraperitoneally with the daily doses of 2, 4, and 6 mg/kg body weight for 14 consecutive days in Groups B, C and D while the control group (Group A) received normal saline. Animals were sacrificed on day fifteen and livers were removed and fixed in 4% gluterldehyde. They were processed for electron microscopy and examined under transmission electron microscope. Data was collected and subjected for statistical analysis a ‘P’ value less than 0.05 was taken as significant. It was observed that Diclofenac sodium produces significant changes in hepatocytes. There was de-granulation and swelling of the cisternae of Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (RER) when the dose is doubled and these changes were highly significant when the dose is increased to three times the therapeutic.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".