Intradural spinal varix: the “doughnut” sign on <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> weighted MR and confirmation with gadolinium-enhanced arterial and blood pool MR angiography
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Intradural spinal varices are rare lesions, with only three cases being previously reported in the literature. Previously described patients underwent MRI for non-specific low back pain and radiculopathy and were found to have an intradural lesion adjacent to the cauda equina, mimicking a nerve sheath tumour or ependymoma. Consideration of an intradural varix in the differential diagnosis of an intradural extramedullary spinal lesion is necessary to guide appropriate management. We report a case of an intradural spinal varix diagnosed with first-pass arterial and blood pool phase gadolinium-enhanced auto-triggered elliptic centric-ordered MR angiography. Digital subtraction angiography confirmed that there was no shunt but failed to demonstrate the varix. We reviewed the existing literature to look for common clinical and imaging features.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".