Phosphorus Recovery from Hydrolysed Sewage Sludge Liquid Containing Metals using Donnan Dialysis
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hydrolysis of phosphorus and metals from anaerobically digested sewage sludge was tested using inorganic acids (H 2 SO 4 , HCl, and HNO 3 ) and organic acids (citric, oxalic, and acetic).Then, the optimize conditions for release of high phosphorus and low metals from digested sludge using H 2 SO 4 by Box-Behnken design was investigated.Optimum PO 4 -P and metals (Ca, Mg, Na, K, Al, Fe and Zn) release was obtained at H 2 SO 4 0.3 M, acid/sludge ratio (mL/g) 10/1 and mixing time 90 min, respectively.Donnan dialysis having a Nafion 117 cation exchange membrane was employed the selective separation of released PO 4 -P and metals in the hydrolysed sewage sludge liquid obtained at optimum conditions.HCl at different concentrations (0.1 and 1.0 M) were used in receiver side.High levels of metals (Ca 78.73%, Mg 38.11%, Na 49.43%, K 64.62%, Al 97.59% and Zn 34.73%) were passed the receiver side using 1 M HCl for 24 h.Hence, it was observed that selective separation of phosphate and metals from digested sludge using Donnan dialysis process was achieved for phosphorus recovery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".