Role of isolated ultrafiltration in the management of chronic refractory and acute decompensated heart failure
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Chronic congestive heart failure (CHF) and acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) refractory to medical therapy represent therapeutic challenges. In such patients, attempts to reduce pulmonary and systemic congestion frequently produce deterioration of renal function. In studies of patients with chronic severe CHF refractory to medical therapy (including loop diuretics), isolated ultrafiltration was frequently able to relieve congestive symptoms by precise removal of extracellular water and sodium, and in some cases was able to restore responsiveness to loop diuretics. Randomized controlled trials comparing isolated ultrafiltration and medical therapy (mainly loop diuretics) in patients with ADHF failed to demonstrate the superiority of isolated ultrafiltration over diuretic therapy with respect to renal function and mortality. Isolated ultrafiltration reduced length of hospital stay in several studies. At this time, there is insufficient evidence to support the use of isolated ultrafiltration as initial therapy of ADHF.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".