Design and Deformation Analysis of Six-component Wheel Dynamometer
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Extended Abstract A wheel dynamometer is used to measure dynamic load that is transmitted from the road surface to vehicles while driving. In this paper, a six-component (three forces and three moments) wheel dynamometer utilizing shear deformation was designed and evaluated. The cross type structure having four or six radial bars was used as a basic sensing structure of the wheel dynamometer. The body of the dynamometer consists of a rigid central hub, a rigid outer annular ring and the radial bars extending between the hub and the ring. Although most of sensors are mounted conventionally to provide an output signal indicative of bending strains in the sensing bar, other forms of sensors such as those that provide an indication of shear strains was used in this paper for obtaining more stable signal against inevitable location error at bonding strain gauges. One aspect of the load transducer includes a structure of placing flexural members which are compliant for displacement of each corresponding radial bars. The flexural members on the end of sensing bars in the annular ring serve to produce sufficient shear strain of the sensing bars which lie at 90 degrees, but they can provide non-uniform distributions of shear strain. Since there is a possibility that such a non-uniform strain distribution can cause mutual coupling errors between the forces or moments, deformation analysis is needed thereof. Finite element analysis was performed to design the shape including flexural members and determine the size of sensing parts, and to predict output signals. In order to obtain adequate output signal and minimize coupling errors, the locations of strain gauges and their connection were determined so that Wheatstone bridge circuits with four or eight strain gauges would be balanced. Through the design modifications of the various shapes of flexural members, the coupling effect was minimized. The maximum capacity of the six-component wheel dynamometer designed in this paper is 25 kN in each force Fx, Fy, 20 kN
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".