Impact of a Beta-Blocking Agent on Exercise Tolerance in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Patients with type 2 diabetes without cardiovascular complications present exercise intolerance compared to non diabetic subjects. It has been shown that beta-blocking agents reduce exercise tolerance in the latter. However, it is not known if this medication lowers the already reduced exercise tolerance in type 2 diabetic patients. PURPOSE: To evaluate the impact of a beta-blocking agent on the maximal systemic oxygen transport and exercise tolerance in type 2 diabetic patients. METHODS: A total of 6 sedentary men with type 2 diabetes have been recruited to participate in this study. All patients were treated with oral hypoglycaemic agents and/or diet. The maximal exercise tolerance was evaluated for each subject using an incremental protocol performed on an ergocycle. The subjects were evaluated without (WBB group) and following the intake of a beta-blocking agent for 5 consecutive days (BB group). RESULTS: Per study design, each subject were their own control. The BB group had a lower resting heart rate (HR), systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) [(54±3 vs 74±13 bpm; 128±8 vs 135±9 mmHg and 79±5 vs 86±9 mmHg respectively (all p < 0.05)]. At maximal exercise, we observed a 13% reduction in absolute peak oxygen uptake (peak VO2) (2.59±0.49 vs 2.99±0.60 L · min-1;p < 0.05) concomitantly to a 3 5 % and 21 % reduction in maximal HR and SBP respectively [111 ± 10 vs 170±15 bpm; 174±21 vs 220±17mmHg (all p < 0.01)]. Of note, the exercise-induced HR and SBP increase were reduced in the BB group [(58±10 vs 96±19 bpm; 53±15 vs 85±15 mmHg (all p < 0.05)]. Interestingly, the beta-blocking agent lowers maximal ventilation in the BB group compared to the WBB group (100±15 vs 130±18 L · min−1; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that the beta-blocking agent alters the exercise tolerance in patients with type 2 diabetes without cardiovascular complications. With beta-blockers, the systemic oxygen transport might limit maximal exercise tolerance in this population. Finally, this beta-blocking agent appears to have a significant impact on the pulmonary ventilation in these patients.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".