Limiting Velocities of Primary, Obscure and Normal Particles: Self-Annihilating Obscure Particle as an Example of Dark Matter Particle
Why this work is in the frame
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Bibliographic record
Abstract
From recently established bicubic equation, three particle limiting velocities are derived, primary, c1,obscure, c2 and normal, c3,that in principle may belong to a single particle. The values of limiting velocities are governed by the congruent particle parameter, z = 3\sqrt3mv2=2E, with m; v and E being, respectively, particle mass, velocity and energy, generally satisfying 1 &lt;= z &lt;= 1, and here just 0 &lt;= z &lt;= 1.<br />While c3 is practically the same in value as v, c1 and c2 can depart from v as z changes from 1 to 0, since c1, c2 and c3; are, in forms, explicitly different from each other, which offers the chance to look at possible new forms of matter, such as dark matter. For instance, one finds that c3 could be slightly different from c, the velocity of light, for the 2010 Crab Nebula Flare PeV electron energy region and for the OPERA 17 GeV muon neutrino velocity experiments, while at the same time, although not measurable in these experiments, calculated c1 and jc2j, are numerically about 105 times larger than c3.<br />There is a belief that an exemplary particle of small velocity, v = 10-3c ,and small energy, E = 1eV , but as yet of not known mass, should belong to the dark matter class. Once knowing z the value of the mass is fixed with 3\sqrt3m(z)v2 = 2Ez ,and its maximum value m(1) is at z = 1, m(1) = 2E=(v23\sqrt3):This mass value defines the test particle, with which one calulates primary, obscure and normal particle rest energies at z = 1: Snce at z = 1 theory predicts c21(1) = (3=2) v2;c22<br />(1) = 3v2; c23 (1) = (3=2) v2, the rest energies are m(1) c21(1) = m(1) c23(1) = 0:58eV and m(1)(c22(1))= 1:15eV. The primary and normal particles, with positive kinetic energies self-creation process increase their energies from 0:58eV to desired1eV: The obscure particle, with negative kinetic energy self-annihilation process decreases its energy of 1:15eV to desired 1eV. This makes the obscure (imaginary c2) particle as a good candidate for a dark matter particle,since as it is believed that a trapped dark matter particle with self-annihilation properties helps keeping the equilibrium between capture and annihilation rates in the sun.
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Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it