Sediment records of the influence of river damming on the dynamics of the Nelson and Churchill Rivers, western Hudson Bay, Canada, during the last centuries
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two gravity cores (778 and 780) sampled at the Nelson River mouth and one (776) at the Churchill River mouth in western Hudson Bay, Canada, were analyzed in order to identify the impact of dam construction on hydrology and sedimentary regime of both rivers. Another core (772) was sampled offshore and used as a reference core without a direct river influence. Core chronology was established using 14 C and 210 Pb measurements. Cores 778 and 780 show greater variability than the others, and the physical, chemical, magnetic, and sedimentological properties measured on these cores reveal the presence of several hyperpycnites, indicating the occurrence of hyperpycnal flows associated with floods of the Nelson River. These hyperpycnal flows were probably caused by ice-jam formation, which can increase both the flow and the sediment concentration following the breaching of such natural dams. However, these hyperpycnites are only observed in the lower parts of cores 778 and 780. It was not possible to establish a precise chronology because of the remobilization of sediments by the floods. Nevertheless, some modern 14 C ages suggest that this change in sedimentary regime is recent and could be concurrent with the dam construction on the Nelson River, which allows a continuous control of its flow since the 1960s. This control prevented the formation of hyperpycnal flows and the deposition of hyperpycnites. Finally, core 776 contains only one rapidly deposited layer. This lower frequency may be related to the enclosed estuary of the Churchill River, its weaker discharge, and the distance of the site from shore.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".