Richard Menkis and Harold Troper.<i>More than Just Games: Canada and the 1936 Olympics</i>.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This book is more than just about the 1936 Olympic Games. Historians Richard Menkis and Harold Troper offer a rich contextual study of pre-Holocaust Nazi Germany and its first encounter with a still colonial-minded Canada, one that addresses the Canadians’ struggle over how to respond to that encounter. The authors adopt a canopy-like approach to their story, presenting first the full picture and then burrowing into the personal dilemmas and activities of the individuals directly involved. In 1931, the International Olympic Committee selected the city of Berlin to host the 1936 Summer Games, and then they proceeded to assign the Winter Games to Berlin as well. Two years later Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power, and welcomed the Olympic Games as an opportunity to showcase the new Germany and the superiority of its Aryan athletes. The looming international attention did not, however, seriously impede the Nazis’ antisemitic agenda, which culminated in September 1935 in the notorious Nuremberg Laws stripping Jews of their citizenship, even while Olympic planning was well under way. In a further rejection of international opinion, the Germans occupied the Rhineland in March 1936, contrary to the Treaty of Versailles, and they did so between the Winter and Summer Olympic Games when the eyes of the world were on Germany. One pair of those eyes belonged to Canadian journalist Matthew Halton. His reports in The Toronto Star informed Canadian readers of the conditions that visiting athletes might encounter, and provoked a public debate over whether Canada should participate in the 1936 Olympic Games at all. Nevertheless the Canadian Olympic Committee decided in November 1935 to follow the British example and to send Canadian athletes to Germany.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.003 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.018 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".