Landmines and civilian security in Eastern Burma : implications for humanitarian engagement.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The emergence of the human security paradigm in international relations since the mid-1990s has successfully put a number of human-centric security concerns on the global agenda. The work of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines is a prominent example; its activism resulted in the 1998 Ottawa Treaty, which compels signatory states to cease manufacture, use, transfer, and stockpiling of anti-personnel landmines. However, the discourse it has promoted surrounding such devices overlooks the positive role landmines can play in protecting civilian populations from predatory national governments, as exemplified by their continued use in Eastern Burma by civilians and the non-state armed groups charged with protecting them. The use of landmines to protect civilians, while controversial and not without risks, serves to greatly improve security for populations in the context of pervasive militarization in the region. The realities of the conflict have created a difficult situation for humanitarian practitioners, who are largely unable to provide services to extremely vulnerable internally displaced populations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.010 | 0.007 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".