Contrapunteo entre los discursos sobre violencia en El Tiempo, crónicas independientes, y el hip hop de la comuna 13 de Medellín, 2002-2012
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Since 2002, the San Javier district known as Comuna 13 in Medellín, Colombia, has occupied a space in the imagination of Colombians as a violent and dangerous area. Comuna 13, a marginalized neighborhood in the city’s urban sprawl, had been receiving for decades the displaced victims of the violence of the armed conflict in the countryside as well as people from other towns and rural areas attracted by Medellín’s reputation as a progressive and developed city. This thesis analyzes the news articles referring to Comuna 13 in El Tiempo, a widely circulated newspaper in Colombia and a powerful tool of manufacturing public consent, articles which persistently associate the area with violence in the public perception as a result of military operations Mariscal and Orión, launched by the government to disband groups of urban guerrillas that had taken hold in this segregated area of Medellín. Key discussions of the place, including Comuna 13: Crónica de una guerra urbana (2007) by Ricardo Aricapa and Crónicas en el barrio El Salado by Albeiro Ospina dialogue with the discourse of the press, while giving voice to the residents who account for their own versions of violence. These narratives are contrasted with the political actions of youth movements through hip hop which empowers them to create their own poetics of space. The four elements of hip hop (rap, graffiti, breakdance and DJing), practiced by young residents, who have taken to the streets occupying them with sounds, movements and images, become tools in the production of space, reconfiguring in epic dimensions their own perception of Comuna 13.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.006 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".