Comparison of PID based Control Algorithms for Daily Blood Glucose Control
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is a worldwide disease. Although a complete cure has not been found yet, an artificial pancreas (AP), also known as a closed-loop insulin therapy, is becoming more important for the treatment of this disease. Controller part of the AP can compute insulin infusion rate that will keep blood glucose concentration (BGC) in normoglycemic ranges for patients with T1DM. In this paper, three different control algorithms are proposed as a controller part of the AP. These control algorithms include genetic algorithm based proportional-integral-derivative (GA-PID) control, artificial bee colony algorithm based PID (ABC-PID) control, and particle swarm optimization algorithm based PID (PSO-PID) control. In silico control studies are implemented through a virtual diabetic patient based on the Stolwijk-Hardy's glucose-insulin regulation model. Simulations are performed to assess control function in terms of tracking BGC profile of a healthy person against to a daily food intake of three meals. In order to demonstrate robustness, sensor noise test is implemented. Simulation results are promising in terms of regulating the daily BGC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".