Uterine Expression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Its Receptor During the Estrous Cycle and Menstrual Cycle.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The neurotrophins are a family of secreted growth factors which are abundantly expressed in the central and peripheral nervous systems. They are mainly known for their roles in promoting the development, growth, function, and survival of neurons. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), a neurotrophin, induces its effects by binding to the tyrosine receptor kinase B (Trk B). Although mainly known for their roles in the nervous system, BDNF and Trk B have recently been identified in the uterus. BDNF expression has been demonstrated in rat uterus, and Trk B expression was found in the human ovary, and endometrium. However, comparative mammalian reproductive cycle-dependent characteristics of the expression of this receptor-ligand pair has not been previously described. Here, C57/bl6 mouse (n=17), and Wistar rat uterine horns (n=11), and human endometrium (n=10) were cycle staged by histology and subsequently stained for BDNF and Trk B by immunohistochemistry. Uterine cell types on each section were assessed for staining intensity using a three-point scale. BDNF and Trk B were expressed in all samples of mouse, rat, and human uteri. In all species, BDNF and Trk B staining was concentrated in the luminal and glandular epithelium of the endometrium, and to a lesser degree in the myometrium. Antibody specificity was assessed by Western blot using human recombinant BDNF and Trk B proteins. Preliminary results suggest a decrease in Trk B expression from proestrus through to diestrus in the uterine luminal and glandular epithelium of mice and rats, while Trk B expression in women appears to remain constant between cycle phases. BDNF expression seems to mirror the expression pattern of Trk B in the species examined. Localizing BDNF and Trk B in the endometrium of humans, mice, and rats demonstrates their conserved nature across several mammalian species. The uterine expression of this receptor-ligand pair suggests that BDNF and Trk B participate in some currently unknown aspect of reproductive physiology in species that menstruate and those that do not. This work is supported by NSERC.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".