Bibliographic record
Abstract
Due to serious humanitarian problems caused by landmines, the international community has adopted three international treaties containing a number of prohibitions and restrictions on this kind of conventional weapons. The use of landmines was first restricted by Protocol II on Prohibitions or Restrictions on the Use of Mines, Booby-Traps and Other Devices (1980), which was subsequently amended in 1996. The 1980 Protocol adopted the same restrictions for anti-personnel and anti-tank mines but, in practice, these restrictions proved to be inadequate for eliminating harmful humanitarian effects. The 1996 Amended Protocol brought some improvements in comparison to the initial version of this treaty. This Protocol contains special more stringent provisions on the use of anti-personnel mines, and brings additional restrictions on the use of remotely delivered mines. It has also significantly improved the rules on recording minefields for a later removal of landmines. The largest step forward was made by the adoption of the Ottawa Convention on the anti-personnel mines which explicitly prohibits the use of these mines, their stockpiling, production and transfer, and imposes the obligation to destroy the existent stocks.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.012 | 0.014 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.034 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.016 | 0.009 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.007 |
| Research integrity | 0.007 | 0.008 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".