Evaluation of metals availability in sediments of the Bertioga Channel (Santos Estuarine Complex - SP - Brazil): A tool for chemical pollution monitoring
Bibliographic record
Abstract
"The Bertioga Channel (SE Brazilian coast) is part of the Santos Estuarine Complex, situated at the Baixada Santista. The Baixada Santista is a very important economic region of Brazil which, due to its intensive economic development, has been experiencing several interventions on its coastal environment. Both the largest harbor, located on the city of Santos, and the Cubatão industrial complex, which presents large chemical, petrochemical and steel industries, are found near the Bertioga Channel. As a conse quence, this socially and environmentally relevant channel is exposed to various sources of pollution that can increase the content of contaminating metals in sediments. For these reasons, the main objective of this study was to an a- lyze the availability of potentially toxic elements (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in sediment cores sampled along the Bertioga Channel. In this study, the term availability refers to the possibility of metal remobilization in sediments. By applying the chemical procedure of sequent ial extraction of metals, it was determined the contents of the elements of interest associated with the sediments’ main components, enabling the assessment of the mobile fraction and the behavior of the elements regar d- ing their remobilization. Therefore, this study can serve as a management tool for monitoring chemical pollution in the region. In order to evaluate the chemical contamination in sediments, the elements’ available levels (excepting Ni) were compared to Canadian quality guidelines (ISQG and PE L). Due to the absence of comparative values of Ni for this guide, this element was compared to values described on the CONAMA 454/2012 resolution for dredging material from the Brazilian Ministry of E n- vironment. For the environment risk assessment, the Ri sk Assessment Code - RAC - was employed toward a better unde r- standing of the risk concerning the elements’ remobilization. The maximum available levels, estimated from the sum of all mobile fraction, were 22.06 mg kg - 1 for Cr, 5.57 mg kg - 1 for Cu, 11.53 mg kg - 1 for Ni, 36.43 mg kg - 1 for Pb and 57.53 mg kg - 1or Zn. Cd presented levels below its quantification limit for all samples. It was observed that, excepting Cd, there is potential for the remobilization of all those elements, even though they exist i n very low concentration and are not associated, mainly, to the acid - soluble fraction (considered the most environmentally relevant one due to its mobility level). Changes on local cond i- tions can induce the remobilization of those metals and, thus, allow t hem to become available to the environment. However, even when released possibly they should not be hazardous to the biota as a result of their low contents in the sediments. D e- spite the low concentrations of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn and con"
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".