Measuring Spin-Allowed and Spin-Forbidden d–d Excitations in Vanadium Complexes with 2p3d Resonant Inelastic X-ray Scattering
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Spectroscopic probes of the electronic structure of transition metal-containing materials are invaluable to the design of new molecular catalysts and magnetic systems. Herein, we show that 2p3d resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) can be used to observe both spin-allowed and (in the V III case) spin-forbidden d–d excitation energies in molecular vanadium complexes. The spin-allowed d–d excitation energies determined by 2p3d RIXS are in good agreement with available optical data. In V(acac) 3, a previously undetected spin-forbidden singlet state has been observed. The presence of this feature provides a ligand-field independent signature of V III . It is also shown that d–d excitations may be obtained for porphyrin complexes. This is generally prohibitive using optical approaches due to intense porphyrin π-to-π* transitions. In addition, the intensities of charge-transfer features in 2p3d RIXS spectroscopy are shown to be a clear indication of metal–ligand covalency. The utility of 2p3d RIXS for future studies of complex inorganic systems is highlighted.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".