Bakterielle Fruchtflecken an der Apfelsorte 'Delbarestivale' verursacht durch Pseudomonas syringae pv. papulans
Bibliographic record
Abstract
In den Jahren 1999 und 2000 fielen in den baden-wurttembergischen Obstanbaugebieten unreife Fruchte der Apfelsorte Delbarestivale auf, die zahlreiche schwarze Flecken an den Lentizellen zeigten. Die Flecken waren rund, l bis 3 mm im Durchmesser, mit diffusem Rand, z. T. mit rotlichem Hof und in der Mitte leicht blasig erhaben. Die Nekrose erstreckte sich nur wenige Millimeter in das Fruchtfleisch. Die Fruchte konnten nicht mehr als Tafelobst verwertet werden. Aus den Flecken wurden einheitlich und in groser Menge Bakterien isoliert, die in ihren physiologischen Eigenschaften der Bakterienart Pseudomonas syringae pv. papulans ahnlich sind. Durch P. s. pv. papulans wird in den USA, Kanada und Italien die Blasenfleckenkrankheit vor allem an der Apfelsorte Mutsu hervorgerufen. Die Symptome sind den hier an der Sorte Delbarestivale beobachteten Symptomen ahnlich. Um die Koch'schen Postulate zu erfullen, wurde mit den isolierten Bakterien ein Pathogenitatstest an der Apfelsorte Delbarestivale erfolgreich durchgefuhrt und aus den Symptomen die inokulierten Bakterien reisoliert. Damit wurde Pseudomonas syringae pv. papulans als Ursache fur Fruchtflecken an der Apfelsorte Delbarestivale in Baden-Wurttemberg erstmalig nachgewiesen. Bacterial fruit spots on the apple cultivar 'Delbarestivale' caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. papulans In 1999 and 2000 unripe fruits of the apple cultivar Delbarestivale (syn. Delcorf) from orchards in Baden-Wurttemberg showed several tiny black spots associated with the lenticels, making the fruits unsuitable for the fresh market. The spots were round, 1-3 mm in diameter, extending only a few mm into the tissue of the fruit, with a slightly diffuse edge, partially with a reddish halo, and with a blistered center. From the spots bacteria were consistently isolated with physiological characteristics similar to Pseudomonas syringae pv. papulans . In USA, Canada and Italy P. s. pv. papulans causes blister spot disease especially on fruits of the apple cultivar Mutsu. The symptoms resemble those observed here on fruits of Delbarestivale. In order to fulfill Koch's postulates immature apple fruits (cultivar Delbarestivale) were successfully inoculated with the isolated bacteria. From the symptoms the inoculated bacteria were reisolated and characterized. This is the first report of Pseudomonas syringae pv. papulans causing fruit spots on the apple cultivar Delbarestivale in Baden-Wurttemberg.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".