An Automated Triaxial Testing Device for Unsaturated Soils
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper presents a new triaxial testing device for unsaturated soils. It describes the main features of the triaxial system including double wall cell, pressure/volume controllers, frictionless volume change device, automatic flushing device, and software. The use of a double wall cell eliminates almost all of the volume change compliance errors inherent to single wall cells while the frictionless volume change device accurately measures the change in sample volume. An important feature presented is the automated flushing device which removes diffused air during unsaturated soil testing. Diffusion causes a small amount of air to escape through high air entry ceramic disks during testing. The diffused air accumulation beneath the ceramic disk affects water flow and volume change measurements. In addition, large air pockets created over time can reduce the contact area between the water and the ceramic, which may eventually cause de-saturation of the ceramic disk. Therefore, diffused air should be regularly eliminated to make accurate water content measurements. The accessories of the new diffused-air flushing device include a computer-controlled ball valve and a water level sensor. The flushing device can be integrated into other unsaturated soil testing systems such as the direct shear apparatus, and soil-water characteristic devices. The software provides sophisticated algorithms for automating all testing procedures including diffused air flushing.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.013 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".