Bibliographic record
Abstract
S outhern R hodesia may perhaps best be described as a high plateau between the Zambesi and the Limpopo Rivers. It has an area of approximately 152,000 square miles of which about a quarter is over 4000 ft. above sea level. The highest ground, which stretches south-west to north-east, forms a watershed which feeds the two great rivers, and if to-day the tributary streams are dry or reduced to a trickle of water in winter, there is abundant evidence to prove that, since the human race arrived, they have carried great quantities. The country has, however, been subject to varying climatic conditions during this period, as we shall see later, but it has proved itself capable of supporting human life under very favourable conditions for a long time. It is, in short, a country where we might reasonably expect to find some evidence of the presence of the earliest men who came to South Africa. It will be readily understood that man, as soon as he had become what we understand by the use of the word, had everything to find out for himself. His dawning intelligence could not long rest content with things as he found them. He early felt the urge to adapt nature to meet his needs. Naked and defenceless, he needed to provide himself with food, to protect himself from the wild animals, and to shield himself from the cold. His inventive faculty thus came early into operation. While his first tools must surely have been pointed sticks, natural stones, or splinters of rock naturally fractured, these did not long satisfy him, and the first stage in his development was of necessity the adaptation of natural objects to his particular needs. In order to meet these, he doubtless experimented with all the suitable materials nature provided. Of his achievements we know nothing except in so far as his working in stone is concerned. In the absence in this country of the actual remains of these early people, we are thus limited in our knowledge of their cultural achievements, and the stone implement provides the only means by which we can measure them. Then it is only when we can satisfy ourselves that man has shaped it for his use that we can recognise it.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.033 | 0.012 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".