P3‐181: Evaluating the Relationship Between Markers of Oxidative Stress and Cognitive Performance in Coronary Artery Disease Patients
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Early cognitive deficits are highly prevalent and associated with increased risk for progression to dementia in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Oxidative stress, particularly lipid peroxidation, represents an emerging mechanism implicated in both neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, but its relationship with cognitive decline has yet to be examined in CAD. The objective of the present study was to determine the association between lipid peroxidation and cognitive performance in CAD patients. Cognitive performance was measured with a standardized battery of cognitive tests: verbal memory was assessed using the California Verbal Learning Test, 2 Ed; visuospatial memory using the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised; speed of processing using the Trails Making Test A and the Digit Symbol-Coding subtest of the Weschsler Adult Intelligence Scale; and executive function using the Trails Making Test B and the FAS Verbal Fluency test. Standardized Z-scores of related tests were summed to reflect performance in cognitive domains. Lipid hydroperoxides (LPH), early-stage products of oxidative damage to lipids, as well as the late-stage lipid peroxidation markers 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) and 8-isoprostane (8-ISO) were measured using spectrophotometric assays from serum samples provided by study patients. Ratios ((4-HNE+8ISO)/LPH) were calculated to reflect lipid peroxidation progression. Analyses of covariance were used to look at differences in the lipid peroxidation ratio between those who were impaired (performance 1 standard deviation below mean) compared to those who were not impaired in the cognitive domains. In patients with CAD (n=84, mean age=61±9, 76.2% male, mean BMI=28.4±4.0), a higher lipid peroxidation ratio was found in those who were impaired in verbal memory (F=5.62, p=0.02), processing speed (F=5.19, p=0.03), and executive function (F=4.14, p=0.05) after controlling for age, gender, BMI, and total years of education. No such associations were observed between visuospatial memory groups (F=0.26, p=0.61). Oxidative stress, and ensuing conversion of early- to late-stage lipid peroxidation, may be an important correlate of cognitive decline in CAD. Further investigating markers of lipid peroxidation may help to better characterize the pathways underlying the subtle cognitive deficits seen in CAD and reveal potential biomarkers of etiologic and prognostic value to this cognitively at-risk patient population.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".