Groundwater—Surface waters interactions at slope and catchment scales: implications for landsliding in clay‐rich slopes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Understanding water infiltration and transfer in soft‐clay shales slopes is an important scientific issue, especially for landsliding. Geochemical investigations are carried out at the Super‐Sauze and Draix‐Laval landslides, both developed in the Callovo‐Oxfordian black marls, with the objective to define the origin of the groundwater. In situ investigations, soil leaching experiments and geochemical modeling are combined to identify the boundaries of the hydrological systems. At Super‐Sauze, the observations indicate that an external water flow occurs in the upper part of the landslide at the contact between the weathered black marls and the overlying formations, or at the landslide basement through a fault network. Such external origin of water is not observed at the local scale of the Draix‐Laval landslide but is detected at the catchment scale with the influence of deep waters in the streamwater quality of low river flows. Hydrogeological conceptual models are proposed emphasizing the role of the interactions between local (slope) and regional (catchment) flow systems. The observations suggest that this situation is a common case in the Alpine area. Expected consequences of the regional flows on slope stability are discussed in term of rise of pore water pressures and physicochemical weathering of the clay shales.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".