TÍTULO DE ANTIESTREPTOLISINA O Y FRECUENCIA DE ESTREPTOCOCOS BETAHEMOLÍTICOS EN ESTUDIANTES DE 10 A 15 AÑOS DEL MUNICIPIO FRANCISCO LINARES ALCÁNTARA, ESTADO ARAGUA, VENEZUELA ASTO TITERS AND BETAHEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI FREQUENCY IN 10 TO 15 YEARS OLD STUDENTS FROM MUNICIPALITY FRANCISCO LINARES ALCANTARA, ARAGUA STATE, VENEZUELA
Bibliographic record
Abstract
RESUMEN Los estreptococos betahemoliticos de los grupos A (EBHGA, Streptococcus pyogenes ), C (EBHGC) y G (EBHGG) inducen la produccion de anticuerpos antiestreptolisina O (ASTO) en individuos infectados. En Venezuela, las pruebas mas utilizadas para medir estos anticuerpos son las de neutralizacion de toxinas bacterianas y aglutinacion (pasiva) indirecta con particulas de latex. Los individuos colonizados por las bacterias mencionadas pueden permanecer como portadores asintomaticos. El proposito de la presente investigacion fue determinar los titulos de ASTO y la frecuencia de estreptococos betahemoliticos en 203 estudiantes de 10 a 15 anos del municipio Francisco Linares Alcantara. Los titulos de ASTO se determinaron mediante neutralizacion y aglutinacion (pasiva) indirecta; la frecuencia de EBH se determino a traves del cultivo de exudado faringeo, el cual se realizo en agar sangre de carnero al 5%. Se encontro que 88,6% (180/203) y 53,2% (108/203) de los individuos tuvieron titulos normales por el metodo de neutralizacion y aglutinacion, respectivamente. El EBH mas frecuentemente aislado pertenecio al grupo G (42%), seguido del B (26%), A (11%) y C (5%). Hubo una discrepancia elevada entre los resultados del cultivo y las pruebas serologicas. La prueba exacta de Fisher no encontro diferencias significativas entre las proporciones de titulos elevados para los grupos de pacientes sanos y portadores asintomaticos. Estos resultados indican que el comportamiento de los titulos de ASTO fue similar en ambos grupos. Palabras clave: ASTO, Streptococcus pyogenes , exudado faringeo, prueba de neutralizacion, prueba de aglutinacion. ABSTRACT Beta-hemolytic streptococci of groups A (EBHGA, Streptococcus pyogenes), C (EBHGC) and G (EBHGG) induces the production of anti-streptolysin O antibodies (ASTO) in infected individuals. In Venezuela, the most common tests used to measure these antibodies are bacterial toxins neutralizing and indirect (passive) agglutination with latex particles. Individuals colonized by the aforementioned bacteria can remain as asymptomatic carriers. The purpose of this study was to determine ASO titers and frequency of beta-hemolytic streptococci in 203 students 10-15 years old from the municipality Francisco Linares Alcantara. The ASO titers were determined by neutralization and indirect (passive) agglutination tests; EBH frequency was determined through the throat swab culture, which was performed on blood agar at 5%. It was found that 88.6% (180/203) and 53.2% (108/203) of the individuals had normal titers by the method of neutralization and agglutination, respectively. The most frequently isolated EBH belonged to G group (42%), followed by B (26%), A (11%) and C (5%) groups. There was a large discrepancy between the results from culture and serology. The Fisher exact test found no significant difference between the proportions of high titers for groups of healthy patients and asymptomatic carriers. These results indicate that the behavior of the ASTO titers is similar in both groups. Key words : ASTO, Streptococcus pyogenes , throat swab, neutralization test, agglutination test.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".