Supramolecular hydrogelation with bile acid derivatives: structures, properties and applications
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Hydrogelation of small molecules in aqueous solutions results from a balance between solubilization and precipitation (or crystallization). The hydrophobic moieties of amphiphiles tend to aggregate and the hydrophilic units may stabilize the aggregates in aqueous solutions. Morphologies vary according to the chemical structure of the amphiphiles. The formation of nanofibers or worm-like micelles is a prerequisite for hydrogels. Molecular hydrogels often show better degradability and functional diversity than polymeric hydrogels and may be useful in biomedical applications. Bile acids have attracted increasing attention for designing various biomaterials, including molecular hydrogels. They are naturally occurring amphiphilic compounds that exist in our body and help with the dissolution and digestion of fat by the formation of micelles. This review highlights the recent progress in the field of molecular hydrogelators based on bile acids, including bile salts, anionic, cationic and neutral bile acid derivatives, two-component hydrogelation systems, and polymeric supramolecular hydrogels, along with their potential applications.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".