Marasmius calvocystidiatus sp. nov. and M. horridulus (Marasmiaceae): characterization of two unusual species from central Amazonia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Two taxa of Marasmius sect. Marasmius are herein (re)described, reported from the Amazon forest. Marasmius calvocystidiatus is proposed as a new species on account of its glabrous (bald) pileus with smooth cystidia, some of them lobed or with coarse excrescences in the pileipellis. On the other hand, the only taxon of sect. Marasmius subsect. Horriduli, Marasmius horridulus is redescribed herein, highlighting its “hairy” pileus (similar to Crinipellis species) with abundant, dextrinoid, setiform hairs rising from a hymeniform to subhymeniform pileipellis composed of anomalous broom-cells. Molecular evidence (based on ITS data) indicates that both taxa indeed belong to Marasmius sensu stricto, and are immediate sister to each other in trees reconstructed by phylogenetic analyses accomplished in this study. Our phylogenetic hypothesis also suggests that M. calvocystidiatus and M. horridulus are close to M. purpureisetosus, a species with sparse setiform hairs and also anomalous thick-walled broom cells in the pileipellis, and to a group of species members of sect. Marasmius subsect. Rotalis. In this paper we present morphological descriptions, line drawings, color plates and a phylogenetic hypothesis in support of our findings for M. calvocystidiatus and M. horridulus.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".