An FPGA implementation of AES with support for counter and feedback modes
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The advanced encryption standard (AES) is a symmetric key block cipher that has been approved by NIST as a replacement for the data encryption standard (DES). In this paper, we present an FPGA implementation for AES. Unlike most of the common implementations that support only ECB mode, our design supports five modes of operation. In particular, it supports ECB, CBC, CFB, OFB and CTR modes. The design occupies 7452 slices of a Xilinx Virtex-II Pro XC2VP50, features a maximum clock speed of 56.3MHz and produces throughput up to 480.427 Mbps, 423.906 Mbps and 379.284 Mbps for 128, 192 and 256-bit keys respectively. A simple level of key agility is also supported. A physical hardware prototype of the design is employed as a further demonstration of the design's functional abilities.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".