High‐Risk Screening of Fabry Disease: Analysis of Fifteen Urinary Methylated and Non‐Methylated Gb<sub>3</sub> Isoforms Using Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Abstract Fabry disease is a multisystemic, X‐linked lysosomal storage disorder caused by mutations in the GLA gene, leading to α‐galactosidase A deficiency and resulting in the accumulation of glycosphingolipids in different tissues and biological fluids. Glycosphingolipid biomarkers, such as globotriaosylceramide (Gb 3 ) isoforms, globotriaosylsphingosine (lyso‐Gb 3 ) and related analogs, and galabiosylceramide (Ga 2 ) isoforms and analogs, are found to be abnormally increased in urine and in plasma of Fabry patients and have the potential to be used as specific biomarkers of the disease. This unit presents a protocol for the relative quantification of fifteen urinary isoforms of Gb 3 analyzed simultaneously with creatinine by ultra‐performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS). In order to purify urine samples, a liquid‐liquid extraction is performed and samples are analyzed by MS/MS in positive electrospray ionization mode. These biomarkers are useful for screening, diagnosis, and long‐term monitoring of Fabry disease patients. We have shown that the methylated Gb 3 isoforms are particularly useful for screening Fabry patients who present with late‐onset cardiac variant mutations. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".