Ultrasound backscattering by three-dimensional distributions of aggregated red blood cells: A Monte Carlo study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present a Monte Carlo study on ultrasound backscattering by three-dimensional distributions of aggregated red blood cells (RBCs). In this study, particles were allowed to interact attractively with neighbors to form aggregates. The interaction potential energy profile between a pair of particles was mimicked by the Morse potential. The strength of pair interaction energy was controlled by fixing depth and width of the potential. Some three-dimensional configurations of cells representing realizations of the system were simulated by employing the Metropolis algorithm. The frequency dependent backscattering coefficient (BSC) was determined at three hematocrits, H = 20%, 30% and 40% and at different aggregation levels. It was noticed that BSC increased and spectral slope (SS) decreased as the aggregating potential was raised and the effect was more pronounced at higher hematocrits, particularly at 40%. In conclusion, this model can generate three-dimensional configurations of aggregated cells and can capture the role of RBC aggregation on BSC and SS.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".