A 90nm CMOS multimode image sensor intended for a visual cortical stimulator
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We present in this paper a variable resolution multimode digital pixel sensor (DPS). Each pixel comprises a switched-capacitor comparator with a regenerative 8-bit memory. Two supply voltages, 2.5V and IV, are used to maximize the dynamic range (DR) of the sensor. The proposed DPS has three modes of operation: linear with the option of multiple exposures, logarithmic for extended dynamic range, and high-speed differential mode for the subtraction of two consecutive images. Intended for the front-end of a visual cortical stimulator aiming at restoring sight to the blind, the proposed circuit, which encompasses a matrix of 64×48 pixels, allows acquiring images at a rate higher than 400 frames per second (fps). Implemented in a 90nm CMOS technology, each pixel has an area of 9μm times 9μm and a fill factor of 26%. A DR of up to 83 dB is obtained when the DPS is operated in its logarithmic mode.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".