Different continents, same species? Resolving the taxonomy of some Holarctic Ancylis Hübner (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Several species of Ancylis related to A. unguicella (Linnaeus) and A. geminana (Donovan) have been presumed by previous authors to be Holarctic. However, difficulty in identifying genitalic characters to define and separate these taxa has brought into question their true distribution and led to inconsistencies in their taxonomic treatment in Europe and North America. Here we use a combination of DNA barcode sequence data and morphology to resolve these taxonomic differences, determine the actual geographic range of these taxa, and describe three new species. In the A. unguicella group, only A. unguicella and A. uncella (Denis & Schiffermüller) are Holarctic in distribution. In the A. geminana group, none of the taxa are Holarctic in their distribution. Three species are described as new: A. christiandiana Huemer and Wiesmair, sp.n. (Austria, Germany); A. oregonensis Gilligan and Huemer, sp.n. (USA: Oregon); and A. saliana Gilligan and Huemer, sp.n. (USA: Florida). In addition, Ancylis carbonana Heinrich, syn.n., is synonymized with A. uncella; A. cuspidana (Treitschke), syn.rev., is synonymized with A. diminutana (Haworth); and A. diminuatana Kearfott, stat.rev., and A. subarcuana (Douglas), stat.rev., are raised from synonymy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".